Te Wāhanga Hōhonu o te Ahumahi 4.0: He Matapae Whānui mō ngā Auahatanga o te Robot Servo Tuaka-Toru mō ngā Tau e Rima e Whai Ake Nei

Te Wāhanga Hōhonu o te Ahumahi 4.0: He Matapae Whānui mō ngā Auahatanga o te Robot Servo Tuaka-Toru mō ngā Tau e Rima e Whai Ake Nei

I te mea kua eke te reiti urunga atamai o te umanga hangahanga o te ao ki te 35%, ā, kua neke atu i te 37% te reiti kapinga o ngā wheketere atamai i te rohe o te awa o Yangtze i Haina, kei te haere te umanga hangahanga i tētahi whakawhiti nui mai i ngā "motu o te aunoatanga" ki te "matauranga o te ao". I roto i tēnei tukanga, ngā karetao servo tuaka-toru, hei waka matua mō te aunoatanga ngāwari, kei te whanake mai i ngā taputapu tuku iho e whakakapi ana i te mahi auau ki ngā pona atamai e hono ana i ngā māhanga mamati ki te ao tūturu. I runga i ngā raraunga ahumahi hou me ngā putanga hangarau, ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga te huarahi whanaketanga o ngā karetao servo tuaka-toru i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei mai i ngā tirohanga e toru: te whanaketanga hangarau, te hanganga anō o te mākete, me te whanaketanga o te rauropi, e whakarato ana i te aratohu whakatau mō te huringa atamai o ngā kamupene hanga.

Te Whakatairanga Hangarau: He Peke Mai i te Whakatinanatanga Tika ki te Matauranga Hinengaro

Ko te whanaketanga hangarau o ngā karetao servo tuaka-toru e akiakihia ana e te rautaki takirua-mata o te "painga tika + urunga mohio." I te tau 2023, kua pai ake te tika o ngā pūnaha servo ā-rohe ki te ±0.02 mm, ā, kua whakaitihia te āheinga whakahoki ki te ±0.05 mm. Kua eke ēnei tohu ki ngā paerewa taumata-teitei o te ao, e whakarato ana i te turanga mō te hanga tika. He mea nui ake, me te tono hohonu o ngā hangarau rorohiko taha 5G me te AI, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu ki te pūnaha "tirohanga-whakatau-whakahaere" porowhita-katia. E matapaetia ana i te tau 2025, ka neke atu te tere urunga o ngā tauira kua rite ki ngā āheinga mohio tirohanga AI i te 50%, ko te tikanga ko te nuinga o ngā toru-Ngā Rōpoti Tuaka ka whai mana motuhake ki te mōhio me te urutau.

Kua noho te mahi tahi me te whakaurunga tangata-mīhini hei wāhanga matua mō ngā putanga hangarau hou. I te tau 2023, e 29% o ngā tukanga huihuinga tika i roto i te umanga 3C i hipokina e ngā karetao tuaka-toru mahi tahi, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake tēnei ōwehenga ki te 35% i te tau 2025. E whakaatahia ana tēnei putanga hou ehara i te mea ko te hangarau whakahaere kaha kua whakapaitia anake—ko te Ka taea te karetao ka whakarerekē tonu i tōna kaha ina pā ki te mea mahi—engari i roto hoki i ngā tikanga haumaru auaha. Mā te whakaurunga o te radar mirimita-ngaru me ngā pūoko tirohanga, ka tutuki te aroturuki hihiri o te tawhiti haumaru i waenga i te tangata me ngā mīhini. E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau take i tētahi kaihanga kirimana hikohiko ko te whakaurunga o ngā karetao tuaka-toru mahi tahi i whakanui ake i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu raina whakaputa mai i te 65% ki te 89%, me te whakaiti anō hoki i te reiti whara mā te 72%.

Kei te whakahou te pakeketanga o te hoahoa ā-pūrere i ngā tauira whakatinanatanga taputapu. Ko ngā hua matua o nāianei e whakamahi ana i ngā hoahoa atanga paerewa, e whakapoto ana i ngā huringa whakatinanatanga mā te 40%. Kua whakaitihia te wā utu mō tētahi taputapu kotahi mō ngā kamupene tukatuka hiko iti me te rahi ki raro iho i te 18 marama. Mā tēnei āhua mono-ā-ringa, me te atanga hōtaka whakairoiro, ka taea e ngā umanga iti me te rahi kāore he miihini karetao ngaio te whakatinana tere i te aunoatanga. Ko tēnei whanaketanga hangarau e akiakihia ana e te pakeketanga o te mekameka tuku. I te tau 2023, kua eke ngā kamupene ā-rohe ki te 65% o te reiti whakaritenga mō ngā wāhanga matua. Ahakoa kei te 28% noa iho te reiti whakaritenga mō ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i ngā whakaiti RV, kei te āta whakakorea tēnei arai mā te rangahau tahi i waenga i te ahumahi, te ao mātauranga, me te rangahau.

Te Hanganga Anō o te Mākete: Ngā Huarahi Hanganga e Ārahihia ana e te Kaupapa Here me te Hiahia

Te karetao servo tuaka-toru o Haina Kei te tata te mākete ki te tipu tere, ka eke ki te 4.5 piriona yuan i te tau 2023, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 12%-15%. Kāore tēnei tipu i te tohatoha ōrite, engari he rerekētanga nui o te ahumahi me ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe. I tino pai te mahi a te rāngai waka pūngao hou, i whai wāhi ki te 32% o te tipu o te mākete i te tau 2023. I kitea he pikinga 54% i ia tau mō ngā tono i roto i ngā horopaki pēnei i te huihuinga o ngā waeine pākahiko hiko me te whakamātautau waeine IGBT, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia nui mō ngā taputapu aunoa i roto i te hangahanga teitei.

Ko te tukunga tonu o ngā wehewehenga kaupapa here pai kua noho hei kaupapa matua mō te whānui haere o te mākete. Ko te Mahere Mahi Tono "Robot+", i tukuna ngātahitia e te Manatū Ahumahi me te Hangarau Mōhiohio me ētahi atu tari 17, e kī mārama ana i te tau 2025, ka rua te nui o ngā karetao i roto i te umanga hangahanga ki ngā taumata o te tau 2020, ā, neke atu i te 200 ngā horopaki tono karetao noa ka whakatairangahia. I te taumata ā-rohe, kua whakangao a Jiangsu me Guangdong, e rua ngā whare hangahanga nui, neke atu i te 2 piriona yuan ki ngā moni motuhake, e akiaki ana i te tere urunga o ngā karetao tuaka-toru i waenga i ngā umanga hangahanga iti me te rahi mai i te 17% i te tau 2021 ki te 28% i te tau 2023. He whai hua ngā whakatenatena taake, me te pikinga o te tangohanga tāpiri mō ngā whakapaunga R&D mai i te 75% ki te 100%, e akiaki tika ana i te pikinga 12 ōrau i roto i te hoko karetao i te tau 2023.

Kei te tino rerekē te āhua o te whakataetae mākete. Ko ngā waitohu ā-rohe, ko Estun rāua ko Efort, e pupuri ana i te 42% o te hea mākete. Nā ā rāua rautaki whai hua i whakaheke te utu toharite o ngā waitohu o te ao mā te 15%-18%, ā, i tere ake ai te whakamahi i te hangarau aunoa. Nā tēnei whakataetae i hua ake ai he wehewehenga utu motuhake: Kua heke ngā utu hua paerewa mā te 7% ia tau, i te mea kei te tipu tonu te utu mō ngā tauira atamai me te tūnga tirohanga whakauru, me te pikinga o tā rātou hea mākete mai i te 18% i te tau 2019 ki te 34% i te tau 2023. Kua noho ngā kaweake hei kaiārahi tipu hou, me te nui o ngā kaweake e matapaetia ana ka piki ake mā te 37% ia tau i te tau 2023. He tino kaha te tono mai i ngā whenua i te Belt and Road Initiative, me te matapaetia ka piki ake te hea kaweake mai i te 18% o nāianei ki te 25% i te tau 2025.

Te Whanaketanga o te Pūnaha Taiao: Mai i te Kaiwhakarato Taputapu ki te Hoa Hanga Atamai

Kei te whanake haere ngā karetao servo tuaka-toru mai i ngā taputapu aunoa motuhake ki ngā pona matua i roto i ngā wheketere mamati, e akiaki ana i te hanganga anō o te mekameka uara hanga. E kitea ana tēnei panonitanga i roto i ngā taha e toru: Mō ngā raraunga, kua eke te urunga IIoT ki roto i te umanga hanga hiko ki te 55% i te tau 2024. Ka whakamahia e ngā karetao ngā pūoko kua hangaia ki roto hei kohikohi raraunga wā-tūturu pēnei i te pāmahana, te wiri, me te whakapaunga pūngao, hei tautoko i te tiaki matapae. Mō ngā tukanga, kua whakaitihia e te whakamahinga o te hangarau mahanga mamati te wā tono mariko mā te 60%. Kotahi te kaihanga wāhanga motuka, mā te whakaataata mahanga mamati, i whakaiti i tana huringa whakauru hua hou mai i te 12 wiki ki te 5 wiki. Mō ngā pūnaha rauropi, kei te tīmata ngā kaihanga taputapu ki te tuku otinga "pūmārō + pūmanawa + ratonga" whānui, ka hua ake he tawhē hua e 2-3 ngā wā teitei ake i te hoko noa i ngā taputapu.

Ko te whānui haere o ngā horopaki tono puta noa i te rāngai kei te pakaru i ngā rohe ahumahi tuku iho. I roto i te rāngai taputapu hauora, i piki ake te hoko o ngā karetao āwhina pokanga mā te 315% i ia tau i te tau 2023, e whakaatu ana i ō rātou painga ahurei i roto i ngā mahi tika. I roto i te umanga takai kai, ko te tere urunga o ngā karetao tuaka-toru me ngā hoahoa ārai-parahanga kua piki ake mai i te 19% i te tau 2021 ki te 34% i te tau 2023. Ahakoa i roto i te ahuwhenua, kua taea e ngā karetao kua whakauruhia ki te tirohanga AI te kohikohi me te whakarōpū tika i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua. Kei muri i tēnei urunga whakawhiti-ahumahi ko te toi o te whakataurite i te whānui o ngā tūāpapa hangarau matua me te motuhaketanga o ngā otinga ahumahi.

I roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei, ka tūtaki te umanga ki ngā wero e rua o te whakapūmau me te whakawhaiaro. I tētahi taha, ko te Aratohu Mīhini hou a te EU e whakauru ana i ngā whakaritenga haumaru hou e 118, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake ngā utu tiwhikete mō ngā kamupene e aro ana ki te kaweake mā te 23%. I tētahi atu taha, ko te ia ki te whakaputa i ngā momo iti, he nui te momo e hiahia ana kia nui ake te ngāwari o ngā taputapu. Ko te kī ki te whakatutuki i ēnei wero kei roto i te hanga i tētahi tūāpapa hangarau modular—te whakarite i te pono me ngā painga utu mā roto i ngā modular matua kua whakapūmautia, me te aro atu ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te umanga mā roto i ngā kaiwhakaputa mutunga whakawhiti me ngā pūmanawa kua whakaritea. Kua whakamātauhia tēnei tauira e ngā kamupene matua. Kotahi te kaihanga, mā te hoahoa modular, i whakawhānui i tana raina hua mai i te 12 ki te 28, me te whakapoto i tana huringa R&D mā te 40%.

Whakamutunga: Te Hopu i te Whai Wāhi Rautaki o te Hanga Mama me te Atamai

I tēnei wā whakahirahira o te hōhonutanga o te Ahumahi 4.0, kua hipa ake te uara o ngā karetao servo tuaka-toru i te ao o ngā taputapu whai hua ngāwari, ā, kua noho hei rawa rautaki "taumata-whakauru" mō te panonitanga mamati a ngā kamupene hanga. Mō ngā umanga nui, he waeine paerewa mō te hanga wheketere atamai; mō ngā umanga iti me te rahi-waenga, he otinga māmā mō te whakakī i te āputa aunoatanga; ā, mō ngā kaihanga taputapu, he kaupapa rautaki mō te whakawhiti mai i te hoko hua ki te putanga kaha.

I roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei, ko te kī ki te angitu ehara i te mea ko te tere o te auahatanga hangarau anake engari ko te māramatanga hohonu ki ngā hiahia o te ahumahi. Ko ngā kamupene ka taea te huri i te tika o te servo ki te kounga hua, te kohikohi raraunga ki ngā māramatanga whakatau, me ngā wehewehenga kaupapa here ki ngā painga mākete ka hopu i te kaupapa i roto i tēnei ngaru o te hanga atamai. I te mea kua eke te kiato o ngā wheketere atamai i te awa o Yangtze ki te 79% o ngā taumata matatau o te ao, i te mea kei te 45% tonu te wāhi mō te tipu o ngā rohe o waenganui me te hauauru, ko te nekehanga āta haere o te mākete me te whakawhiti hangarau whakatupuranga kei te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga hītori mō ngā kamupene kua rite.

Ki te hangahanga I te mea e anga atu ana te umanga ki ngā pēhanga rua o te pikinga o ngā utu mahi (e matapaetia ana ka piki ake mā te 46% i te tau 2023 ki te whakataurite ki te tau 2018) me te kaha haere o te whakataetae o te ao, kāore ngā karetao servo tuaka-toru e waiho hei kōwhiringa engari he mea nui mō te oranga me te whanaketanga. Ko te ara hangarau kua whiriwhiria, ko ngā mākete rautaki kua arotahihia, me ngā pūnaha rauropi kua hangaia ka whakatau i te tūranga whakamutunga o te kamupene i roto i te whenua hanga atamai.